Accessing robust vaccine coformulation stability by single adjuvant detection on a microelectrode

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Number 44, November 2025.
ImportanceCo-formulated vaccines, which combine an antigen with an adjuvant, must maintain their stability to ensure their effectiveness and safety. Conventional analytical tools, such as dynamic light scattering, provide global averages that can mask critical issues at the nanoscale…