Oxygen isotopic evidence that Gale crater, Mars, was home to an Early Hesperian water reservoir that underwent significant evaporation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Issue 43, October 2025. <br/>SignificanceWe present isotopic measurements of mineral-bound water from rocks sampled by the Curiosity rover. These hydrous minerals’ strong18O enrichments stand apart from prior observations of ancient martian water reservoirs. Extreme deuterium …