HIV-1 Vif and Vpr cooperatively modulate the cell cycle to maximize per-cell virion production

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, Number 45, November 2025.
SignificanceHIV type 1 (HIV-1) encodes two accessory proteins, virion infectivity factor (Vif) and viral protein R (Vpr), which have profound effects on the cell cycle. This study demonstrates that Vif and Vpr cooperate to modulate the cell cycle in a…