Here are the immigration provisions in Trump’s megabill : NPR

From an air opinion, the American-mexican border fence ended with a gap on January 20, 2025 near Sasabe, Arizona. Republicans, the expenditure bill includes $ 46.5 billion for border wall projects.

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The bill on the domestic policy of President Trump is heading to his office, marking a historic federal investment in the application of immigration.

On Thursday, the room eliminated Trump’s “big and beautiful bill” – respecting the president’s self -imposed deadline of July 4.

The massive package puts aside about $ 170 billion to support the border and immigration objectives of the Trump administration, which includes the detention and expulsion of a record number of people from the United States

Earlier this week, the TSAR on the border of the White House Tom Homan told journalists that Congress should adopt the bill so that the federal government could buy more detention beds.

“The more we have beds, the more bad we stops,” he added.

Critics and supporters say that the realization of Trump’s immigration program will depend on the effectiveness of federal agencies and deploy these resources.

“It will be absolutely overwhelming the application of immigration over time, but that will not happen overnight,” said Kathleen Bush-Joseph, a political analyst at Migration Policy Institute. “So, how much Trump administration is able to use this money to feed its mass deportation campaign is a real question.”

Immigration application

The final bill allocates $ 45 billion to immigration detention centers, as well as about 30 billion dollars to hire more ice personnel, for transportation costs and to maintain ice facilities, among other expenses. It came then that the detention centers operate beyond their capacity.

The American Immigration Council estimates that new financing could extend the detention capacity to “at least 116,000 beds”.

Bush-Joseph said money could help reduce overcrowding and improve staff. But it is also concerned about the fact that this will lead to a wider use of detention.

Once migrants have been identified as removable from the United States, they can be released before their legal dates, detained in local prisons or in detention of ice. The Trump administration has planned to put an end to the policy known as “capture and release” – which allows people to be released from detention while they expect an hearing of the immigration court – but the end would require more detention space.

Bush-Joseph said that individuals in police custody tend to deal with greater challenges with communication, obtaining advice, interpretation and understanding of their rights.

“The nature of the holding of immigration in itself is that it is more difficult for people to win a recovery before the immigration court,” she said.

Border security

The bill provides around $ 46.5 billion to complete Trump’s border wall. It also puts aside $ 5 billion for customs and border protection facilities and $ 10 billion for border security initiatives more widely.

About 13.5 billion dollars are devoted to the reimbursement of states and local governments engaged in immigration and the application of borders.

Some criticisms have questioned the need for more funding for border security, since the number of people crossing the southern border has fallen to its lowest level for decades – with just over 6,000 apprehensions in June, according to preliminary figures published by the Department of Internal Security.

But Andrew Arthur, a scholarship holder of the Center for Immigration Studies, a reflection group that supports the restriction of immigration, argued that it is better to invest in border infrastructure now than to wait for another increase in level passages.

“If we are waiting for 250,000 people to arrive per month, it will be too late,” he added, referring to the top of the monthly arrests struck by former president Joe Biden.

Immigranton the fees

Republicans also sought to make the immigration process more expensive with increased or new costs.

Among the biggest changes to the chamber’s immigration provisions to the Senate version, the reduction in minimum costs required to request asylum: from $ 1,000 in the initial version of the room to $ 100 in the final bill. The adjustment intervened after the Senate parliamentarian determined that higher costs did not meet the rules necessary to qualify for a simple majority vote.

Arthur said the judgment of each request can be expensive. “It is not unreasonable to expect that they pay at least $ 100 for their asylum application if only to cover a part-and a very small part of this-treatment and judgment costs,” he added, speaking of migrants looking for asylum to stay in the United States

But Heidi Altman, vice-president of national immigration policy Law Center, argued that new or increased costs will put an “unaffordable price on the regular procedure” for many immigrants. According to Altman, one of the largest increases is the costs to appeal the decision of an immigration judge: from current $ 110 to $ 900.

“Many of these costs will become obstacles or obstacles to people who are making their way through the very fundamental requirements of the system of the immigration court,” she said.

Safety net programs

The initial bill of the Chamber has already stripped of health coverage under the markets of the Act respecting affordable care and health insurance for a legally present immigrants, including refugees, asyères and those who have other humanitarian protections. He also limited eligibility for the additional nutrition aid program.

The final version maintains these reductions while extending limitations similar to the federal funding of Medicaid and the health insurance program for children, according to Shelby Gonzales, vice-president of the immigration policy of the leftist thinking group on the budget and the priorities of the policy.

“The truth is that already many people are excluded from insurance, depending on not having the right type of immigration status,” said Gonzales. “The changes to this law go even further.”

Those who remain eligible for these public advantages are the holders of green cards who have completed the five-year waiting period, some Cubans and Haitians, and people residing in the United States under the compacts of the Free Association, which includes people from Micronesia, Palau and Marshall Islands.

Arthur of the Center for Immigration Studies argued that the United States is already faced with a challenge supporting a large number of low -income citizens – even without additional pressure on the country’s social security networks.

“It is reasonable to expect those who come to this country to support their needs,” he said. Arthur added that states wishing to provide advantages should be able to finance them.

Gonzales said his most immediate concern was the limits of the advantages in the event of taking, adding that she was concerned whether food banks can meet potential increased demand in the future. “I don’t think they have the capacity to help people in large numbers who could lose access to food immediately,” she said.

Changes in the children’s tax credit bill will also have an impact on immigrant families. Currently, only the child must have a social security number to qualify for the benefit. While the room initially proposed demanding that both parents have a social security number, the final version requires that one parent will do it.

“The children’s tax credit will actually be cut for children with two undocumented parents,” Tara Watson, director of the Center for Economic Security and Opportunity, told Brookings Institution. “It is an important sum of money that helps the well-being of citizens and it will be gone.”

Immigration

More than $ 3 billion is allocated to the Ministry of Justice for Immigration Activities. This includes the hiring of more immigration judges to approach the growing case file, which was nearly 4 million cases in April, the latest data available.

Bush-Joseph of the Migration Policy Institute said that the Immigration Court system was largely underfalling compared to ice and CBP, so additional funding is promising. But she noted that the bill caps the number of judges at 800, which may not be necessary.

Bush-Joseph underlined an analysis in 2023 by the Congressional Research Service, which estimated that more than 1,300 judges would be necessary to eliminate the backlog in the coming years.

“In my opinion, the immigration courts will probably continue to fight to keep the pace because the backlog is so huge,” she added.