Direct optical observation of solid electrolyte interphase formation dynamics in lithium-ion batteries

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Number 10, March 2026.
SignificanceSolid electrolyte interphase (SEI) governs the performance, cycle life, and safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but its formation dynamics have remained unresolved due to its nanometer thickness and responsiveness. Use of operando optics…