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As the wireless industry looks beyond 5G, a new generation of technology components is emerging to address the performance demands of use cases such as immersive telepresence, digital twins, autonomous robotics, and smart-city infrastructure. 6G aims to support peak data rates up to 1 Tbps by extending into THz frequency bands, while simultaneously integrating sensing, AI-driven signal processing, and photonics into a seamless network architecture. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces offer a way to shape the radio environment using programmable metamaterials, and ultra-massive MIMO pushes antenna-element counts far beyond current arrays. Full-duplex communications could double spectral efficiency, and non-terrestrial nodes such as LEO satellites and stratospheric platforms promise truly ubiquitous three-dimensional coverage. This white paper examines each of these ten technology enablers, explains the underlying principles, and outlines the open research challenges on the path to a future 6G standard.
