Keystone predator and keystone intransitivity and the rescue of a competitively subdominant species

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, number 33, August 2025.
The significant study examines a new ecosystem in coffee farms in Puerto Rico, where five species of non -native insects – four ants and a parasitoid fly – form a single ecological system. By integrating detailed natural history into dynamic modeling, …