Aging-associated differences in mammary tumor–initiating populations and immune evasion pathways in breast cancer

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, volume 123, number 8, February 2026.
SignificanceAge impacts breast tumor subtypes and immune responses, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. In an N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU)-induced rat model, we show that tumors in aged animals can arise from distinct luminal progenitors,…