Bacterial iron acquisition by Escherichia coli is facilitated by amino acid complexation in a rapid-renewal environment

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 7, February 2026. <br/>SignificanceBacteria in nature grow on complex mixtures of nutrients, often at low concentrations, with nutrients washed out and replenished on rapid timescales. Most laboratory studies, however, cannot address how low nutrient concentrations and rapid …