Scaling DNA synthesis with a microchip-based massively parallel synthesis system

Guarini, S. et al. Different cholinergic pathways are involved in the improvement induced by CCK-8 and by ACTH-(1–24) in massive acute hemorrhage, in rats. Pharmacol. Res. Commun. 19, 511–516 (1987).
Google Scholar
Fu, X. et al. Synthetic genomics: repurposing biological systems for applications in engineering biology. ACS Synth. Biol. 13, 1394–1399 (2024).
Google Scholar
Palluk, S. et al. De novo DNA synthesis using polymerase-nucleotide conjugates. Nat. Biotechnol. 36, 645–650 (2018).
Google Scholar
McBride, L. J. et al. An investigation of several deoxynucleoside phosphoramidites useful for synthesizing deoxyoligonucleotides. Tetrahedron Lett. 24, 245–248 (1983).
Google Scholar
Kosuri, S. et al. Large-scale de novo DNA synthesis: technologies and applications. Nat. Methods 11, 499–507 (2014).
Google Scholar
Pease, A. C. et al. Light-generated oligonucleotide arrays for rapid DNA sequence analysis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 5022–5026 (1994).
Google Scholar
Singh-Gasson, S. et al. Maskless fabrication of light-directed oligonucleotide microarrays using a digital micromirror array. Nat. Biotechnol. 17, 974–978 (1999).
Google Scholar
Hughes, T. R. et al. Expression profiling using microarrays fabricated by an ink-jet oligonucleotide synthesizer. Nat. Biotechnol. 19, 342–347 (2001).
Google Scholar
Ghindilis, A. L. et al. CombiMatrix oligonucleotide arrays: genotyping and gene expression assays employing electrochemical detection. Biosens. Bioelectron. 22, 1853–1860 (2007).
Google Scholar
Tian, J. et al. Accurate multiplex gene synthesis from programmable DNA microchips. Nature 432, 1050–1054 (2004).
Google Scholar
Kosuri, S. et al. Scalable gene synthesis by selective amplification of DNA pools from high-fidelity microchips. Nat. Biotechnol. 28, 1295–1299 (2010).
Google Scholar
Quan, J. et al. Parallel on-chip gene synthesis and application to optimization of protein expression. Nat. Biotechnol. 29, 449–452 (2011).
Google Scholar
Egeland, R. D. et al. Electrochemically directed synthesis of oligonucleotides for DNA microarray fabrication. Nucleic Acids Res 33, e125 (2005).
Google Scholar
Moorcroft, M. J. et al. In situ oligonucleotide synthesis on poly(dimethylsiloxane): a flexible substrate for microarray fabrication. Nucleic Acids Res 33, e75 (2005).
Google Scholar
Sandahl, A. F. et al. On-demand synthesis of phosphoramidites. Nat. Commun. 12, 2760 (2021).
Google Scholar
Fodor, S. et al. Light-directed, spatially addressable parallel chemical synthesis. Science 251, 767–773 (1991).
Google Scholar
Fodor, S. P. et al. Multiplexed biochemical assays with biological chips. Nature 364, 555–556 (1993).
Google Scholar
Roy, S. et al. A dissipative reaction network drives transient solid–liquid and liquid–liquid phase cycling of nanoparticles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62, e202217613 (2023).
Google Scholar
Qin, X. et al. Cation-coordinated inner-sphere CO2 electroreduction at Au–water interfaces. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 1897–1905 (2023).
Google Scholar
Pon, R. T. Solid-phase supports for oligonucleotide synthesis. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 53, 1–3 (2013).
She, X. et al. Review of silicon carbide power devices and their applications. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 64, 8193–8205 (2017).
Google Scholar
Caruthers, M. H. et al. Chemical synthesis of deoxyoligonucleotides by the phosphoramidite method. Methods Enzymol. 154, 287–313 (1987).
Google Scholar
Zhao, W. et al. Complete genome sequence of Thermococcus eurythermalis A501, a conditional piezophilic hyperthermophilic archaeon with a wide temperature range, isolated from an oil-immersed deep-sea hydrothermal chimney on Guaymas Basin. J. Biotechnol. 193, 14–15 (2015).
Google Scholar
Leng, H. et al. Identification of a deep-branching thermophilic clade sheds light on early bacterial evolution. Nat. Commun. 14, 4354 (2023).
Google Scholar
Halper, S. M. et al. Synthesis success calculator: predicting the rapid synthesis of DNA fragments with machine learning. ACS Synth. Biol. 9, 1563–1571 (2020).
Google Scholar
Beltran, A. et al. Site saturation mutagenesis of 500 human protein domains reveals the contribution of protein destabilization to genetic disease. Nature 625, 885–894 (2025).
Google Scholar
Yin, Y. et al. Long oligos: direct chemical synthesis of genes with up to 1728 nucleotides. Chem. Sci. 16, 1966–1973 (2025).
Google Scholar
Brook, M. A. et al. Strategies to improve the sustainability of silicone polymers. Macromolecules 58, 3742–3763 (2025).
Google Scholar
Ding, G. et al. Fabrication of controllable free-standing ultrathin porous alumina membranes. Nanotechnology 16, 1285 (2005).
Google Scholar
Topolska, M. et al. Deep indel mutagenesis reveals the impact of insertions and deletions on protein stability and function. Nat. Commun. 16, 2617 (2025).
Google Scholar
Zhang. X. et al. Scaling DNA synthesis with a microchip-based massively parallel synthesis system. Datasets. China National GeneBank Sequence Archive https://doi.org/10.26036/CNP0007102 (2025).




