Is there a scientific reason why the universe exists?

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Is there a scientific reason why the universe exists? In other words, what is the science of the reason why there is something, instead of nothing?

The answer has to do with the opposites. Scientists have discovered that the universe exists because it began with a slight imbalance between matter and antimatter. Particles of matter-that is to say all electrons, protons and neutrons in the atoms and the molecules of regular things – differ from the particles of antimatterwhich carries the opposite electric load but are similar to many respects.

Matter and antimatter do not get along. When their particles collide, they annihilate themselves in an intense sparkle of Gamma rays. Fortunately, the antimatter is now extremely rare. Although the anti -Matrice had a fundamental role in the formation of universeThe fact that there is now so few is one of the great mysteries of cosmology.

Antimatter was predicted by an English physicist Paul Dirac Almost 100 years ago as part of his pioneering work on quantum mechanicsAnd it has been confirmed experimentally since the 1930s. Nowadays, scientists can create antimatter in particle colliders such as the Large collision of Hadrons.

But Dirac predicted that there should be equal amounts of matter and antimatter, according to Pasquale di bariProfessor of physics and astronomy at the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom, so the fact that there is now so few antimatter and so many things – including all the stars in all the galaxies of the universe, although some scientists have suggested that there could be “anti-galaxies” of “anti-stars” – is a big scientific problem.

In relation: Do quantum universes really exist?

“We believe that the universe began as 50-50 Matter-Antimatter in the Big Bang But very quickly, he then became dominated by matter, ” Tara ShearsA particle physicist from the University of Liverpool, told Live Science in an email. “For this to happen, there must be a very slight difference, or asymmetry, in the behavior of matter and antimatter to allow one to ultimately dominate the others.”

But “this difference is not planned, it is not understood and it is certainly not explained,” continued Shears. “Understanding this difference is the problem we want to solve; this is the problem of asymmetry of matter.”

According to Dirac, the terms “Matter” and “Antimatter” are almost arbitrary. “The material” refers to regular particles, and “the antimatter” refers to the anti -party – but that could have been the opposite. If they were not mainly annihilated, antimatter particles could have formed a universe of anti-ethics and anti-molecules. In the end, everything that predominated was appointed Matter, and its opposite was appointed Antimatière.

A NASA spacecraft discovers antimatter bursts released by thunderstorms.

In this graph, a burst of antimatter released by a thunderstorm in the earth’s atmosphere is detected by a spacecraft in NASA. (Image credit: NASA)

Cosmic remains

Using observations from particle colliders, traces of antimatter’s decrease in astronomical spectra, and gravitational wavesPhysicists are trying to better understand why there is this great unexplained difference in the universe that has given birth to everything it contains.

Di Bari believes that there could be the origin more than more billion more materials of matter and antimatter than now, before they are mainly destroyed in the first fractions of a second after the Big Bang. “What we are done are the remains,” he told Live Science.

Raymond VolkasA theoretical particle physicist of the University of Melbourne, added that a reason for asymmetry was described in 1967 by the Soviet physicist Andrei Sakharov. (Sakharov, critic of the Soviet system, was sentenced to “internal exile” for political dissent in 1980; he was released in 1986 and died in 1989.)

Sakharov proposed that asymmetry existed because the particles of matter and antimatter were not exact opposites but rather reacted differently to certain fundamental forces in certain circumstances – a phenomenon called “CP and violation of the CP”.

The general principles of the “C and CP violation” are known, but the details are not, Volkas told Live Science in an email. “There are many possibilities on the table!” He said. “The challenge is to distinguish them experimentally.”