T cell receptors for antigen on intraepithelial cytolytic T lymphocytes in celiac disease engage enterocyte HLA-E and HLA-B

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Number 6, February 2026.
SignificanceAnalyses of diagnostic biopsies from patients with celiac disease reveal critical roles for the actions of IFNγ on enterocytes and a surprising role for HLA-E in antigen presentation. Activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) which are the main source of…