Midwestern meningococcal disease outbreak: 7 cases, 2 deaths since mid-January

Chicago health officials are warning residents to be alert for symptoms of meningococcal disease after several recent infections were reported in adults across the city.

Seven cases of Neisseria meningitidis infections have been identified since mid-January, according to the Chicago Department of Public Health.

Two people died as a result of the infection, the department said.

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Health authorities traced close contacts of all confirmed cases and provided preventative antibiotics to those who may have been exposed.

Meningococcal disease is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, a type of bacteria that can infect the bloodstream or lining of the brain and spinal cord, according to the Cleveland Clinic.

Chicago health officials are warning residents to watch for symptoms of meningococcal disease after seven infections were reported in the state. (iStock)

Transmission occurs through saliva and mucus during close or prolonged contact, such as sharing a drink, kissing, or exposure to coughing and sneezing.

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Although cases remain relatively rare, meningococcal disease continues to pose a serious public health risk nationwide.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 503 confirmed and probable cases in the United States in 2024, based on preliminary data.

The infection is spread from person to person through saliva and mucus, usually during close, prolonged contact. (iStock)

Symptoms of meningococcal disease may include fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, sensitivity to light, neck stiffness, and a rash that may appear as brown spots or bruises, according to the Cleveland Clinic.

Other signs may include confusion, irritability, difficulty walking, joint or muscle pain, and loss of appetite.

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“Chicago experiences as many as 10 to 15 meningococcal infections each year, usually concentrated during the winter months,” the department noted.

The disease most often affects older adults as well as adolescents and young adults, Chicago health officials said.

Symptoms can range from fever and headache to vomiting, diarrhea and a rash that looks dark or bruised, the Cleveland Clinic noted. (iStock)

To reduce risk, state guidelines recommend receiving the meningococcal vaccine starting at age 11 or 12, with a booster dose at age 16.

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Meningococcal disease is treated with antibiotics, and doctors often begin immediate treatment if the disease is suspected because it can progress quickly, the Cleveland Clinic said.

Patients with severe cases may also need additional treatments such as intravenous fluids, oxygen, blood pressure medications, or surgery to treat damaged tissue.

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Anyone developing symptoms or thinking they may have been exposed is urged to seek medical attention promptly. Health experts emphasize that early treatment is essential.