Neuron-derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) activates microglia via the Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1)-mediated pathway in mild traumatic brain injury

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 14, April 2026. <br/>SignificanceMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common form of brain injury, but the biological signals linking early neuronal damage to brain inflammation remain poorly understood. We show that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) released from injured …