300 Mysterious Bright Objects in Space May Include Galaxies From the Early Universe
A collection of 300 unusually shiny objects in deep space can contain galaxies that have been formed in the early universe. These objects, captured in infrared images of the James Webb space telescope (JWST), have opened a new cosmic mystery that researchers are impatient to solve.
A study published in The astrophysical newspaper Explain how researchers cut the infrared images to distinguish the 300 objects. Even if the identity of these objects has not been entirely discovered, researchers have good reasons to believe that some of them are galaxies of the years of training in the universe.
300 brilliant objects in space
Graphic showing mysterious objects in the universe that researchers at the University of Missouri have identified in their study.
(Image Credit: Bangzheng “Tom” Soleil / University of Missouri)
The researchers behind the study recognized that the 300 objects were unexpectedly, which makes them primitive to the first candidates in galaxy.
According to a press release on the study, scientists have often interpreted this type of extremely brilliant objects not as the first galaxies, but as something else that imitates them.
However, some of the 300 objects recently discovered could be the real deal, according to the researchers.
“If even some of these objects prove to be what we think to be, our discovery could question the current ideas on how galaxies were formed in the early universe-the period when the first stars and galaxies began to take shape,” said study author Haojing Yan, professor of astronomy at the University of Missouri-Colombia.
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The redness of the first galaxies
However, confirming whether an object is really an early galaxy, is an elaborate process that involves several steps.
First, the researchers had to collect evidence of the JWST infrared camera and the average infrared instrument, which together can observe the light of the regions most distant from the space which contains indices from the beginning of the universe.
The detection of distant objects requires a measure of the gap towards red, that is to say when the light of a source in space extends in longer wavelengths which become redest in color. A higher red shift means that a galaxy is more distant from the earth and closer to the beginning of the universe.
Once the researchers have traveled the infrared images, they had to carefully identify the 300 objects using a method called “deposit technique”. This method is intended to detect galaxies with high red to red by looking for objects that appear in redest wavelengths but which disappear in bluer wavelengths, which would indicate that light has traveled with long distances and time.
The red color in red-fed high-speed galaxies can be attributed to “Lyman rupture”, that is to say when ultraviolet light is absorbed by neutral hydrogen clouds.
The latest steps to find the first galaxies
The abandonment technique helped researchers identify each of the candidates of the galaxy, but they still needed to see if these objects could be very high red offsets.
“Ideally, this would be done using spectroscopy, a technique that calms light on different wavelengths to identify the signatures which would allow a precise determination of shift to red,” Yan said in the press release.
However, only some of the first Galaxy candidates had existing spectroscopic data available. For the remaining objects, the researchers turned to a technique called adjustment of the spectral energy distribution, which allowed them to estimate their offsets towards red and other properties such as age and mass.
The researchers focused on 137 objects, noting that the majority (greater than 67.9%) is probably low -shift galaxies to red. However, a small quantity (greater than 7%) could still be red -cutting galaxies of the universe earlier in the universe.
The last step to confirm these results will require spectroscopy, which can reveal key details on a galaxy such as its age, how it formed and what it is done.
“One of our objects is already confirmed by spectroscopy as a first galaxy,” said the main author Bangzheng “Tom” Sun, a doctorate. Student working with Yan. “But this object alone is not enough. We will have to make additional confirmations to say with certainty if current theories are disputed. ”
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