Time Has Three Dimensions, New Theory Says

A new theory of the University of Alaska Scientific of Fairbanks Gunther Kletschka argues that time presents itself in three dimensions rather than that which we feel as a continuous avant-plan progression, and space appears as a secondary manifestation.

Time, not space more time, could be the unique fundamental property in which all physical phenomena occur. Image credit: M. Weiss / Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

“These three time dimensions are the main fabric of everything, like the canvas of a painting,” said Dr. Kletschka.

“The space still exists with its three dimensions, but it looks more like painting on the web rather than the canvas itself.”

“These thoughts are a marked difference in relation to generally accepted physics, which maintains that a single dimension of time plus three dimensions of space constitute reality.”

“This is known as space-time, the concept developed more than a century ago which considers time and space as a single entity.”

The mathematical formula of Dr. Kletschka of six total dimensions – time and space combined – could bring scientists closer to the search for the unique unifying explanation of the universe.

The dimensions of time beyond our progress of the daily front is difficult to grasp. Theoretical physicists have proposed many variations.

The new work adds to a set of long -standing research by theoretical physicists on a subject outside of traditional physics.

“The previous 3D time proposals were mainly mathematical constructions without these concrete experimental connections,” said Dr. Kletschka.

“My work transforms the concept of an interesting mathematical possibility into a physically testable theory with several independent verification channels.”

“The theory could be used to predict the properties of particles currently unknown and help to continue the origin of the mass – and, in the end, to resolve one of the greatest questions in physics.”

The three -dimensional time is a theory during which, like space, has several independent directions – generally imagined as three axes of time movement, similar in concept in spatial axes x, y and z.

Imagine that you walk on a straight path, go forward and that you therefore feel time as we know it. Now imagine another path that crosses the first, going aside.

If you could go on this path laterally and stay at the same time of regular time, you could see that things could be slightly different – perhaps a different version of the same day.

Move along this second perpendicular path could allow you to explore different results of this day without going back or moving in time as we know it.

The existence of these different results is the second dimension of time. The way to go from one result to another is the third dimension.

“This theory overcomes some of the problems with previous three -dimensional temporal theories that are based on traditional physics,” said Dr. Kletschka.

“These previous theories, for example, describe several dimensions of time in which cause and effect relationships are potentially ambiguous.”

“The new theory guarantees that the causes still precede the effects, even with several dimensions of time, just in a more complex mathematical structure.”

In three -dimensional times, the second and third dimensions are considered by certain researchers, including the theorist theorists Itzhak from the University of Southern California, to become apparent or take place, at extreme energy levels as at the beginning of the universe or in high energy particles.

The new approach could even help to solve the greatest of all non -resolved physics challenges: a quantum mechanical unifying – the behavior of particles on the smallest scale – and the severity in a single quantum theory of gravity.

A quantum theory of gravity could lead to or become a great theory of the universe – the so -called theory of everything.

The elusive unifying theory would unite the four fundamental forces of nature – electromagnetism, high nuclear force, low nuclear force and gravity.

The standard particle physics model unites the first three. The gravity is explained by the general theory of the relativity of Albert Einstein.

The two are incompatible, so physicists have sought this theory of everything to unite them. Finding the origin of the particle masses is central in this pursuit.

Dr. Kletschka thinks that his three -dimensional theory of time can help.

The framework accurately reproduced the known masses of particles such as electrons, muons and quarks and also explains why these particles have these masses.

“The path to unification could fundamentally require the review of the nature of physical reality itself,” said Dr. Kletschka.

“This theory shows how the visualization time as a three -dimensional can naturally resolve several physics puzzles through a single coherent mathematical frame.”

His article was published in the journal Reports in the progress of physical sciences.

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Gunther Kletschka. 2025. Tidimensional time: a mathematical framework for fundamental physics. Reports in the progress of physical sciences 9: 2550004; DOI: 10.1142 / S2424942425500045