Thermodynamics of calcium binding to heparin: Implications of solvation and water structuring for polysaccharide biofunctions

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 122, number 35, September 2025.
Significant interactions of the ion (CA2 +) with macromolecules regulate many biological functions. This study quantifies the strength of the link from CA2 + to three molecules of the heparin family and shows that the bond is a reaction dominated by entropy by liberation …