Cytoplasmic crowding acts as a porous medium reducing macromolecule diffusion

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Number 4, January 2026.
ImportanceMolecular diffusion is a fundamental, energy-efficient transport mechanism. As such, it plays a central role in many functions of living cells such as cell growth, biochemical signaling and gene synthesis. However, the intracellular space is…