Upside-down sharks; brain network functioning in psychopaths; IQ associated with better predictions

This week, biologists have discovered a new cellular or so cell or cellular or “a new recycling center in the cell”. Wild tomatoes in the Galápagos are doing. And geologists from the University of Southampton have detected deep earth impulses under Africa. Plus: the functionality of the brain network differs in people with a psychopathic personality; Sharks have surprising vulnerability; And people with the highest measured IQ have better probabilistic predictions than people with the lowest IQ.

Brain networks have changed in people with psychopathic features

Psychopathic personality is characterized by self -centeredness, lack of inhibition and deficiency in empathy and remorse; Often, people with psychopathy are superficially charming and stress -resistant and can therefore advance an impression of normality. It is the DSM spectrum of anti -social personality disorders because it is difficult to measure objectively. An international group of researchers has now reported the identification of the brain networks underlying psychopathy, which seem structurally different in people with psychopathic features compared to typical brain network connectivity.

The researchers compared structural MRI data for 39 male participants with diagnostics of psychopathy to data from control subjects. In the study, they evaluated psychopathic traits according to the criteria of a widely used diagnostic tool which assesses two factors: interpersonal-affective features and antisocial lifestyle features.

Higher scores on the second factor were linked to volumes reduced in central gray nuclei, thalamus, the basal anterior brain, cerebellum and other structures. However, neurological associations with the first factor, such as the lack of empathy, were lower and less coherent between individuals. But the authors note a strong neurobiological link between antisocial behavior and reduced brain volume.

Sharks don’t want you to know this single tip

It is a well -known fact among farmers that you can immobilize a chicken by drawing a line on the ground starting with its beak and extending simple. The chicken is seated there and looks at it, sometimes as long as 30 minutes. From now on, the researchers report another form of animal tonic immobility: seven species of sharks and rays, out of 13 tested, are immobilized when they are upset underwater.

Researchers do not believe that the phenomenon is an anti-predication behavior and disputes several other theories to explain it. Instead, they believe that tonic immobility in sharks is an evolutionary relic that was probably present in ancestral species. On a darker note, they observe that recent attacks against large white sharks by orcas could be attributed to the exploitation of this line.

IQ and predictions of life results

Psychologists report that people with high IQ make more realistic predictions of future possibilities, which leads to an improvement in life results. The study revealed that people with a low IQ, the lowest 2.5% of the population, make forecast errors which are more than twice as inaccurate than those with a high IQ, the 2.5% upper population.

Researchers have drawn data from a longitudinal study including a national sample at the national level of people over 50 in England. Individuals were asked to predict their probability of living at certain ages; Their predictions were compared to the statistical life tables. By analyzing the scores of participants on cognitive tests, researchers have shown that individuals with higher IQs have more precisely provided for their results; The researchers suggest that the explicit statement of the probability of health or financial information could help people make more informed decisions.

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