Fluorinated lipid nanoparticles enable real-time tracking of mRNA delivery and uncover spatiotemporal mechanisms of immune activation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 1, January 2026. <br/>SignificanceWe demonstrate a fluorinated lipid nanoparticle (FLNP) system that not only delivers nucleic acids efficiently but also enables noninvasive real-time tracking of biodistribution and expression using19F NMR/MRI. This dual functionality …