Here’s what to know about chronic venous insufficiency

Swollen legs have led President Donald Trump to receive a diagnosis of what is called chronic venous insufficiency. This is a fairly common condition in the elderly, but requires a thorough examination to exclude more serious causes of swelling in the legs. Here are some things to know.

Chronic venous insufficiency, or CVI, occurs when the veins of the legs cannot correctly bring blood to the heart. This can lead to a group of blood in the lower legs. In addition to swelling, generally around feet and ankles, symptoms may include painful legs, heavy sensation or bite and varicose veins. Serious cases could trigger leg wounds called ulcers.

Overcoming gravity to pump blood from the feet to the heart is a challenge, especially when someone is standing or seated for long periods. The veins of the legs are therefore lined with unidirectional valves which prevent blood from sliding back in this trip. Anything that damages these valves can cause chronic venous insufficiency. Risk factors may include blood clots, venous inflammation known as phlebitis or overweight.

Doctors must exclude serious causes of swelling of the legs, such as heart problems, kidney disease or blood clots. Summer exams for the veins of the legs can help confirm chronic venous insufficiency. According to the Cleveland Clinic, the treatment may include the wearing of compression stockings, the elevation of the legs and the realization of a healthy weight. Exercise, in particular walking, is recommended – because powerful leg muscles can press the veins in a way that helps them pump blood. Medical drugs and procedures are available for more advanced cases.

___

The Department of Health and Sciences of the Associated Press receives the support of the Department of Science Education from Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The AP is solely responsible for all content.