Blue- versus green-absorbing anion channelrhodopsins, essential tools in optogenetics, differ fundamentally in gating mechanisms

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceGuillardia thetaanion channelrhodopsins 1 and 2 (GtACR1 andGtACR2) are both widely used for optogenetic neuronal silencing, but onlyGtACR1 has been characterized in detail. This study focuses onGtACR2, which has a ~50-nm more blue-…