Optimizing mRNA delivery with targeted elastin-like polypeptide–based LENN formulations: Insights into the endocytosis mechanism

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 2, January 2026. <br/>SignificanceLipid nanoparticle and viral vectors are the most common mRNA delivery vehicles, however, they can face manufacturing, storage, efficacy, and safety challenges. We introduce layer-by-layer elastin-like polypeptide nucleic acid nanoparticle (…