Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the biosynthesis of nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 monomers

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 123, Issue 20, May 2026. <br/>SignificanceThe global transition toward sustainable materials requires renewable production routes for key nylon monomers—hexamethylenediamine (HMD), adipic acid, and ε-caprolactam (ε-CL). Here, we establish a modular microbial platform that enables de …