Why Most Quantum Computers Need to Be Colder Than Space

The large, golden chandelier-like structure that represents quantum computers in popular culture is actually just a refrigerator. The quantum computing part is at the bottom, where temperatures are colder than the Boomerang Nebula, the coldest natural place in the known universe.

Most quantum computers must be kept at temperatures less than 1 degree above absolute zero. This is because the qubits that these computers use for their calculations, whether physical atoms or artificial quantum circuitsare extremely sensitive to external forces, particularly heat.

I spoke with a representative from Bluefors, a company dedicated to making large dilution refrigerators designed to remove heat from quantum systems. I wanted to understand how they work and why this technology is needed to help deliver on the promise of quantum computing. Watch my video, embedded in this article.